The Hush itself appears as a dry valley with large shafts situated at its base and along its northern and southern sides. Its sides largely consist of waste material from mining and processing activities. The vein runs through the Ragman Mine at the disused quarry entrance (SJ 2542 5222), curving northwest over Eisteddfod toward older shafts outside the survey area at SJ 2460 5272. The western end of the Hush was initially exploited as an open-cut, likely following an exposed limestone outcrop. Successive mining phases are evident from the linear spoil tips, showing that as the exposed face of the vein was extended northward, material was systematically piled up. Smaller shafts were later sunk in the area. The engine shaft is considered the primary shaft at the top of the Hush, while dense workings extend northwest. Three major shafts with spoil tips are located west of the engine shaft. Shaft overlaps part of Track, a footpath surveyed by the OS in 1872, indicating that the shaft postdates the path. Several smaller shafts align along the vein southeastward, interspersed with large spoil areas, further suggesting that early mining operations followed the vein through linear open-cut methods before transitioning to deeper shaft mining. Spoil heaps on the southern side indicate that material was piled up as miners chased the vein.
South of the main workings, an east-west string of smaller shafts and linear cuts lies south of the modern quarry track. These workings exhibit similar characteristics to the dense western workings on the Hush Vein, particularly in the density of shafts. A concrete base at the western end of the east-west string is likely related to modern quarrying rather than historical mining.
At the eastern end of the open-cut, several large shafts, likely from the late 19th century, remain. The largest, measures approximately 11 meters in diameter. A building and a structure are located southeast of the shaft within the open-cut, but their exact functions remain uncertain. The structure, positioned against the southern side of the open-cut, may have been part of a haulage system for lifting ore. A collapsed level extends northward from within the open-cut above an area of subsidence.
The Hush narrows significantly beyond this point, with no further workings inside it. However, three substantial shafts are found along its southern edge. Ore was likely transported from the lower workings out of the open-cut via Track.
Additional shafts are located on the northern side of the Hush, beyond the modern fence-line, presumably along the Main Vein. These were worked by the Ragman Mining Company in 1865, as recorded by Brenton Symons. On the southern side of the fence, a large fenced shaft with significant spoil tips slopes toward the northern side of the open-cut. A smaller shaft with a surrounding spoil tip is situated southeast of this large fenced shaft, while another shaft lies beyond the fence-line, at the survey area’s edge.
Further east, additional shafts are present. Those positioned along the hillslopes above the quarry road are likely 19th-century workings of the Ragman Mine. South of the Hush Vein workings, a southern string of small shafts and linear cuts extends east to west, terminating at the quarry fence. These features, with their low spoil tips, suggest relatively shallow workings. Outside the survey area, a level is visible within the quarry face, likely associated with these operations.
The Hush Vein extends northward from the Ragman sett toward Top Eisteddfod as a deep open-cut feature. Returns from the Hush Mining Company in 1876–77 (Burt et al., 1992) document activity in this area, though field evidence suggests even earlier workings. Large shafts are located on either side of the open workings, some near the quarry boundary fence. Notable whim shafts are recorded at SJ 2522 5240 and SJ 2513 5249 on the northeastern side of the open-cut, with another large whim shaft at SJ 2516 5237 on the southwestern side. These shafts feature whim circles, indicating their use in ore hoisting.
Earlier mining activities on the Hush Vein are evident at Top Eisteddfod, though later 19th-century workings have obscured much of the original mining evidence. Historical maps by Shone (1863) and Symons (1865) place the Hush Vein within the West Minera sett. Returns were recorded for the West Minera Company in 1881–82 and the Hush Eisteddfod Lead Mining Company in 1876–77.
External Links
Publications (1)
- Kennedy, A. E. (2001); Tir Gofal Management Plan: Heritage Management Information (HE1). Scotland Farm Trewddyn - NE/06/2065