Cwmfron

aka East Cwm Fron, Capel Banhadlog, or Cwmvron

Lead Mine
Worked from 1864 to 1897

Jan 1st, 2024 from Cambrian by Buddle-Bot

Feb 16th, 2025 by BertyBasset



Mid Wales
Tylwch
52.4163551, -3.5140369
SN 9713 8090
Private Land
270m
600t
#308


Situated within the Silurian Llandovery series shales and slates, with a single east-west vein containing galena and sphalerite mineralisation.

The workings include three levels and three shafts: the Magazine level (SN 9711 8099), the adit level (SN 9708 8098), the Pumping Shaft (SN 9701 8098), an Old Shaft (SN 9682 8098), a blocked upper level (SN 9690 8098), and an eastern trial shaft (SN 9787 8089). The adit and magazine levels remain open but are partially waterlogged.

Remains include poorly preserved remnants of the pumping, drawing, and crushing engine on the dressing floors at SN 9710 8092. This was a 26“ or 28“ rotary steam engine installed in 1868. A waterwheel, depicted on the 1886 OS first edition map below the present road, now exists only as a few masonry remains. No visible remains survive at East Cwm-fron, where a 30ft diameter waterwheel was used for pumping and drawing.

The main dressing floors housed a complete processing setup, including at least one crusher, jigs, and buddles. Although most surface structures have been lost, a masonry and brick wheelpit with tie rods near the stream remains intact. The site holds significant potential for buried archaeology.

In 1958, deep adit could be explored as far as stopes beyond the engine shaft - Bick.



Year Activity
1860s Deep adit commenced and shaft sunk on lode below Cwm Fron farmhouse.
1867 Mid Wales Lead Mining Company promoted by Job Taylor, with £15,000 in capital. No ore was found in the adit, and focus turned to sinking an inclined engine shaft that eventually was equiped with skip road.
1868 Rotary steam engine commences work of drawing, pumping and crushing. Sampson Kitto as mine captain.
1870 36fm level reached, but company fails.
1873 Revived by Kitto together with East Cwmfron as Cwmvron and East Cwmvron. Engine shaft down to the 48fm level, but both mines close.

Recorded output 33 tons lead ore, 144 tons blende, although Bick believes Kitto sold another 103 tons of lead and 320 tons of blende.



Publications (3)

  • (1922); BGS - Mineral Resources of GB (c1920s) Vol XX - Lead and Zinc: Cardiganshire & West Montogmeryshire; 242 pages
  • Bick, D.E. (1991); Old Metal Mines of Mid-Wales, The; West Montgomeryshire, Aberdovey, Dinas Mawddwy & Llangynog - Part 4; pp. 51-52
  • Liscombe & Co (1880); Mines of Cardiganshire, Montgomereyshire & Shropshire; 52 pages





Select a theme